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Squaraine

3-hydroxycyclobut-2-en-1-one

FormulaC4H4O2
Mol. weight84.074
PubChem CID11829353
InChIKeyIHXWECHPYNPJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESC1C(=CC1=O)O
5,465Patents
215Research papers
507Patents - last 3 years
32Papers - last 3 years

Who owns the IP

The organizations most actively patenting around this compound, ranked by referenced patent volume.

#AssigneePatents
1Kyocera Document Solutions Inc622
2Xerox Corp289
3Eastman Kodak Co147
4Carestream Health Inc112
5Fujifilm Corp103
6Konica Minolta Inc83
7Applied Biosystems Inc72
8Sony Corp48
9BASF SE46
10Becton Dickinson and Co46

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This preview shows the leading assignees. Cypris reveals the full ownership landscape - every filing entity, filing trends, and portfolio momentum.

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Where innovation is concentrated

Patent classifications ranked by volume reveal the technical domains with the most active filing.

#CodeAreaPatents
1C09B935
2G01NInvestigating / analysing materials897
3G02B753
4H10KOrganic semiconductors / OLEDs635
5G03G577
6A61KMedicinal preparations561
7C07DHeterocyclic compounds543
8Y02EClimate change mitigation: energy530
9G03F526
10C09KMaterials for misc. applications466

AI mapped opportunity space

This preview shows where patent activity concentrates. Cypris maps the full classification landscape to surface technical whitespace and IP headroom.

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Most-cited patents

Patents ranked by forward citations reveal the foundational inventions the field continues to build on.

TitleYearAssigneeCited by
Silylated compositions, and deuterated hydroxyl squaraine compositions and processes1986Xerox Corp58
Photoconductive imaging members with unsymmetrical squaraine compounds containing an hydroxyl group1986Xerox Corp45
Squaraine based dyes and process for preparation thereof2002Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR34
Electrophotographic elements containing unsymmetrical squaraines1986Xerox Corp29
Process for synthesizing squaraine compositions1985Xerox Corp26

Where research is gaining momentum

Research themes ranked by publication activity show where scientific interest is accelerating around this compound.

#Research topicPapers
1Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications1
2Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics1
3Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry1
4Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis1

Who's driving the science

The most-published authors working with this compound, alongside their primary affiliations.

#AuthorAffiliationPapers
1Bradley D. SmithUniversity of Notre Dame23
2Ayyappanpillai AjayaghoshNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology10
3Danaboyina RamaiahNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology8
4Easwaran ArunkumarUniversity of Notre Dame7
5Shiguo SunNorthwest A&F University7
6Claudia BaroloUniversity of Turin6
7Lucinda V. ReisUniversity of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro6
8Nadia BarberoUniversity of Turin6
9Priyanka BalyanKyushu Institute of Technology3
10Yongqian XuNorthwest A&F University6

Research leaders

This preview lists the top authors. Cypris surfaces the full researcher landscape, their affiliations, and how scientific influence is shifting.

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The literature that defines it

The most-cited papers anchoring the scientific record for this compound.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about this compound's patent and research landscape, answered from the underlying data.

What is the molecular composition of squaraine?

Squaraine has the molecular formula C4H4O2 with a molecular weight of 84.074. Its canonical chemical name is 3-hydroxycyclobut-2-en-1-one, and it is also known by the synonym squaraine.

Which organizations hold the most patents related to squaraine?

The leading patent assignees for squaraine-related inventions are Kyocera Document Solutions Inc with 622 patents, Xerox Corp with 289 patents, and Eastman Kodak Co with 147 patents. Other significant assignees include Carestream Health Inc, Fujifilm Corp, and Konica Minolta Inc.

What are the main research applications of squaraine based on published papers?

Research on squaraine focuses on molecular sensing and ion detection applications. Key papers include work on far-red to near infrared fluorescent probes for fluorescence imaging, squaraines as fluoro-chromogenic probes for thiol detection, and squaraine-derived rotaxanes as protected fluorescent near-IR dyes. Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques using squaraine platforms have also been explored.

Who are the leading academic researchers publishing on squaraine?

The most prolific researchers in squaraine science include Bradley D. Smith from University of Notre Dame with 23 papers, Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh from National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology with 10 papers, and Danaboyina Ramaiah also from the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology with 8 papers.

What are the primary technology areas covered by squaraine patents?

The main CPC subclasses for squaraine patents are organic chemistry (C09B) with 935 patents, analytical and measuring methods (G01N) with 897 patents, optical elements and systems (G02B) with 753 patents, and optoelectronics (H10K) with 635 patents. Additional significant areas include electrophotography (G03G) and medical/pharmaceutical applications (A61K).

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