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Squaraine

3-hydroxycyclobut-2-en-1-one

FormulaC4H4O2
Mol. weight84.074
PubChem CID11829353
InChIKeyIHXWECHPYNPJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESC1C(=CC1=O)O
5,465Patents
215Research papers
473Patents - last 3 years
32Papers - last 3 years

Who owns the IP

The organizations most actively patenting around this compound, ranked by referenced patent volume.

#AssigneePatents
1Kyocera Document Solutions Inc622
2Xerox Corp289
3Eastman Kodak Co147
4Carestream Health Inc112
5Fujifilm Corp103
6Konica Minolta Inc83
7Applied Biosystems Inc72
8Sony Corp48
9BASF SE46
10Becton Dickinson and Co46

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This preview shows the leading assignees. Cypris reveals the full ownership landscape - every filing entity, filing trends, and portfolio momentum.

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Where innovation is concentrated

Patent classifications ranked by volume reveal the technical domains with the most active filing.

#CodeAreaPatents
1C09B935
2G01NInvestigating / analysing materials897
3G02B754
4H10KOrganic semiconductors / OLEDs635
5G03G577
6A61KMedicinal preparations561
7C07DHeterocyclic compounds543
8Y02EClimate change mitigation: energy533
9G03F527
10C09KMaterials for misc. applications479

AI mapped opportunity space

This preview shows where patent activity concentrates. Cypris maps the full classification landscape to surface technical whitespace and IP headroom.

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Most-cited patents

Patents ranked by forward citations reveal the foundational inventions the field continues to build on.

TitleYearAssigneeCited by
Silylated compositions, and deuterated hydroxyl squaraine compositions and processes1986Xerox Corp58
Photoconductive imaging members with unsymmetrical squaraine compounds containing an hydroxyl group1986Xerox Corp45
Squaraine based dyes and process for preparation thereof2002Council of Scientific and Industrial Research34
Electrophotographic elements containing unsymmetrical squaraines1986Xerox Corp29
Process for synthesizing squaraine compositions1985Xerox Corp26

Where research is gaining momentum

Research themes ranked by publication activity show where scientific interest is accelerating around this compound.

#Research topicPapers
1Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications1
2Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials1
3Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection1
4Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics1
5Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry1
6Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis1

Technology trend analysis

Cypris uses AI to connect emerging research themes to IP activity, commercialization signals, and underexplored opportunity areas.

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Who's driving the science

The most-published authors working with this compound, alongside their primary affiliations.

#AuthorAffiliationPapers
1Bradley D. SmithUniversity of Notre Dame24
2Ayyappanpillai AjayaghoshNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology10
3Danaboyina RamaiahNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology9
4Easwaran ArunkumarUniversity of Notre Dame8
5Claudia BaroloUniversity of Turin7
6Nadia BarberoUniversity of Turin7
7Lucinda V. ReisUniversity of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro6
8Priyanka BalyanKyushu Institute of Technology3
9Shiguo SunNorthwest A&F University6
10Yongqian XuNorthwest A&F University6

Research leaders

This preview lists the top authors. Cypris surfaces the full researcher landscape, their affiliations, and how scientific influence is shifting.

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The literature that defines it

The most-cited papers anchoring the scientific record for this compound.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about this compound's patent and research landscape, answered from the underlying data.

What is the molecular formula and weight of squaraine?

Squaraine has the molecular formula C4H4O2 and a molecular weight of 84.074 g/mol. It is also known by its IUPAC name 3-hydroxycyclobut-2-en-1-one.

Which companies hold the most patents related to squaraine?

Kyocera Document Solutions Inc leads with 622 patents, followed by Xerox Corp with 289 patents and Eastman Kodak Co with 147 patents. These three assignees represent the largest patent holders in the squaraine field.

Who are the most prolific researchers publishing on squaraine?

Bradley D. Smith from University of Notre Dame is the leading author with 24 papers on squaraine. Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh from National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology has published 10 papers, and Danaboyina Ramaiah from the same institute has published 9 papers.

What are the primary technical areas covered by squaraine patents?

The largest patent classification areas are Organic chemistry (C09B) with 935 patents, Measuring instruments (G01N) with 897 patents, and Optical elements and systems (G02B) with 754 patents. These reflect squaraine's applications in chemical analysis, sensing, and optical devices.

What research topics dominate squaraine publications?

The most prominent research areas include Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection, Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials, and Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics. Key publications such as those on squaraines as fluoro-chromogenic probes and near-infrared dyes reflect strong focus on sensing and fluorescence applications.

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