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Milrinone

6-methyl-2-oxo-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile · also: Milrila · Primacor · Corotrop · Milrinona · Corotrope · Milrinonum

FormulaC12H9N3O
Mol. weight211.224
PubChem CID4197
InChIKeyPZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESCC1=C(C=C(C(=O)N1)C#N)C2=CC=NC=C2
22,562Patents
2,142Research papers2,143 indexed in detail
1,120Patents - last 3 years
73Papers - last 3 years

Who owns the IP

The organizations most actively patenting around this compound, ranked by referenced patent volume.

#AssigneePatents
1Dow Inc1,590
2Merck and Co Inc1,315
33M Co870
4Novartis AG625
5Bayer AG601
6Johnson and Johnson535
7Callaway Golf Co325
8Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc262
9Organon and Co226
10Abbott Laboratories195

Explore the full landscape

This preview shows the leading assignees. Cypris reveals the full ownership landscape - every filing entity, filing trends, and portfolio momentum.

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Where innovation is concentrated

Patent classifications ranked by volume reveal the technical domains with the most active filing.

#CodeAreaPatents
1A61PTherapeutic activity (drug indications)11,324
2A61KMedicinal preparations10,653
3C07DHeterocyclic compounds5,706
4C08LPolymer compositions (blends)2,960
5Y10TCross-reference (technical subjects)2,644
6B32BLayered products2,031
7C07KPeptides1,428
8C08JWorking-up of plastics1,226
9C12NMicroorganisms, enzymes1,220
10C08KPolymer compositions (additives)1,170

AI mapped opportunity space

This preview shows where patent activity concentrates. Cypris maps the full classification landscape to surface technical whitespace and IP headroom.

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Representative patents

The filings that best characterise the patent activity around this compound, most-referenced first.

TitleYearAssigneeCited by
Method of preparing milrinone lactate200817
Preparation method for high-purity milrinone201515
Method for synthesising milrinone201311
Milrinone lactate injection and preparation method thereof201210
Milrinone sodium chloride injection and production thereof200510

How research activity has moved

Papers published per year for this compound, over the last decade of indexed records.

YearPapers
201637
201735
201839
201941
202042
202141
202245
202339
202427
20257

Who's driving the science

The most-published authors working with this compound, alongside their primary affiliations.

#AuthorAffiliationPapers
1Xun CuiYanbian University14
2Wilson S. ColucciBrigham and Women's Hospital12
3André DenaultMontreal Heart Institute10
4Maura FloreaniUniversity of Padua9
5Robert CodyNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital9
6Timothy M. HoffmanNationwide Children's Hospital7
7Satyan LakshminrusimhaUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York7
8Hanno UlmerInnsbruck Medical University7
9Simon ParlowUniversity of Ottawa6
10David M. KayeThe Alfred Hospital6

Research leaders

This preview lists the top authors. Cypris surfaces the full researcher landscape, their affiliations, and how scientific influence is shifting.

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The literature that defines it

The most-cited papers anchoring the scientific record for this compound.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about this compound's patent and research landscape, answered from the underlying data.

What is the molecular formula and weight of milrinone?

Milrinone has the molecular formula C12H9N3O with a molecular weight of 211.224 g/mol. Its canonical IUPAC name is 6-methyl-2-oxo-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile.

Which companies have filed the most patents related to milrinone?

The leading patent assignees in the milrinone space are Dow Inc (1590 patents), Merck and Co Inc (1315 patents), and 3M Co (870 patents), followed by Novartis AG (625 patents) and Bayer AG (601 patents).

What are the most highly cited research papers on milrinone?

The most-cited papers on milrinone focus on heart failure treatment. The highest-cited work examines the effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure (2241 citations), followed by a study on short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (1176 citations), and research on efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease (774 citations).

Who are the most prolific authors publishing on milrinone?

Leading authors in milrinone research include Xun Cui from Yanbian University (14 papers), Wilson S. Colucci from Brigham and Women's Hospital (12 papers), and André Denault from Montreal Heart Institute (10 papers). Other active researchers include Maura Floreani from University of Padua and Robert Cody from NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, each with 9 papers.

How has patent and publication activity on milrinone changed over time?

Patent activity peaked in 2016 with 1004 filings and has generally declined, with 307 patents filed in 2025 and 60 in 2026. Publication activity has been more stable, ranging from 35 to 45 papers annually from 2016 to 2023, with 27 papers in 2024 and 7 in 2025. The last three years show 1120 patents and 73 papers, indicating ongoing but reduced innovation in this area.

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