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Milrinone

6-methyl-2-oxo-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile · also: Milrila, Primacor, Corotrop, Milrinona, Corotrope, Milrinonum

FormulaC12H9N3O
Mol. weight211.224
PubChem CID4197
InChIKeyPZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESCC1=C(C=C(C(=O)N1)C#N)C2=CC=NC=C2
22,562Patents
2,142Research papers
1,175Patents - last 3 years
73Papers - last 3 years

Who owns the IP

The organizations most actively patenting around this compound, ranked by referenced patent volume.

#AssigneePatents
1Dow Global Technologies LLC1,309
2Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC947
3Novartis AG621
43M Innovative Properties Co477
53M Co392
6Alza Corp323
7Topgolf Callaway Brands Corp291
8Bayer Pharma AG263
9Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc237
10Merck and Co Inc236

Explore the full landscape

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Where innovation is concentrated

Patent classifications ranked by volume reveal the technical domains with the most active filing.

#CodeAreaPatents
1A61PTherapeutic activity (drug indications)11,322
2A61KMedicinal preparations10,653
3C07DHeterocyclic compounds5,706
4C08LPolymer compositions (blends)2,960
5Y10TCross-reference (technical subjects)2,644
6B32BLayered products2,031
7C07KPeptides1,428
8C08JWorking-up of plastics1,225
9C12NMicroorganisms, enzymes1,220
10C08KPolymer compositions (additives)1,170

AI mapped opportunity space

This preview shows where patent activity concentrates. Cypris maps the full classification landscape to surface technical whitespace and IP headroom.

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Most-cited patents

Patents ranked by forward citations reveal the foundational inventions the field continues to build on.

TitleYearAssigneeCited by
Method of preparing milrinone lactate2008ZHANG LIUSEN17
Preparation method for high-purity milrinone2015HUZHOU ZHANWANG PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.15
Method for synthesising milrinone2013NANJING KING-FRIEND BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.11
Milrinone lactate injection and preparation method thereof2012BEIJING LIUSHENGHE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.10
Milrinone sodium chloride injection and production thereof2005LUNAN PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP CO., LTD.10

Where research is gaining momentum

Research themes ranked by publication activity show where scientific interest is accelerating around this compound.

#Research topicPapers
1Heart Failure Treatment and Management20
2Phosphodiesterase function and regulation8
3Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments8
4Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias6
5Congenital Heart Disease Studies4
6Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy3
7Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices3
8Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors2
9Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control2
10Ion channel regulation and function2

Technology trend analysis

Cypris uses AI to connect emerging research themes to IP activity, commercialization signals, and underexplored opportunity areas.

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Who's driving the science

The most-published authors working with this compound, alongside their primary affiliations.

#AuthorAffiliationPapers
1André DenaultMontreal Heart Institute21
2Wilson S. ColucciBrigham and Women's Hospital12
3A. J. PorsiusUtrecht University9
4Alexandre MebazaaHôpital Lariboisière8
5A. FarahSterling Research Group (United States)7
6Afif El‐KhuffashRotunda Hospital7
7Adawia A. AlousiSterling Research Group (United States)6
8Akihiro NarimatsuMitsubishi Group (Japan)6
9Annik FortierUniversité de Montréal3
10Christopher M. O’ConnorClinical Research Institute4

Research leaders

This preview lists the top authors. Cypris surfaces the full researcher landscape, their affiliations, and how scientific influence is shifting.

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The literature that defines it

The most-cited papers anchoring the scientific record for this compound.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about this compound's patent and research landscape, answered from the underlying data.

What is the molecular structure and formula of milrinone?

Milrinone has the molecular formula C12H9N3O with a molecular weight of 211.224. Its canonical chemical name is 6-methyl-2-oxo-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile, and it is also known by several alternative names including 3-cyano-6-methyl-5-(4-pyridyl)-2-pyridone.

What are the primary research topics associated with milrinone?

The dominant research area for milrinone is Heart Failure Treatment and Management, which accounts for 20 papers in the dataset. Other significant research topics include Phosphodiesterase function and regulation (8 papers), Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments (8 papers), and Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias (6 papers).

Which organizations hold the most patents related to milrinone?

The leading patent assignees in the milrinone field are Dow Global Technologies LLC (1309 patents), Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC (947 patents), Novartis AG (621 patents), 3M Innovative Properties Co (477 patents), and 3M Co (392 patents).

What are the most highly cited milrinone research papers?

The most influential paper is 'Effect of Oral Milrinone on Mortality in Severe Chronic Heart Failure' from 1991 with 2238 citations, followed by 'Short-term Intravenous Milrinone for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Heart Failure' from 2002 with 1174 citations. Both focus on Heart Failure Treatment and Management.

How has patenting activity in the milrinone field changed over time?

Patent activity peaked in 2016 with 1004 patents, followed by declining but sustained activity through subsequent years. By 2024, annual patent filings had decreased to 541, with only 307 patents filed in 2025 as of the data collection date. In the last 3 years, there were 1175 total patents filed.

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