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Greenwald ester

(2R)-2,3-diphosphonooxypropanoic acid · also: D-greenwald ester, Diphosphoglycerate, D-Glyceric acid bis, Diphosphoglyceric acid, Diphosphate glyceric acid, Glyceric acid diphosphate

FormulaC3H8O10P2
Mol. weight266.0345
PubChem CID186004
InChIKeyXOHUEYCVLUUEJJ-UWTATZPHSA-N
SMILESC([C@H](C(=O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O
579Patents
1,435Research papers
23Patents - last 3 years
17Papers - last 3 years

Who owns the IP

The organizations most actively patenting around this compound, ranked by referenced patent volume.

#AssigneePatents
1Merck Patent GmbH163
2BASF SE9
3Baxter Biotech Technology SARL7
4Global Blood Therapeutics Inc7
5University of Toronto Innovations Foundation7
6Exact Sciences Corp6
7University of California San Diego UCSD6
8Columbia University5
9Searete LLC5
10University of Minnesota System5

Explore the full landscape

This preview shows the leading assignees. Cypris reveals the full ownership landscape - every filing entity, filing trends, and portfolio momentum.

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Where innovation is concentrated

Patent classifications ranked by volume reveal the technical domains with the most active filing.

#CodeAreaPatents
1A61KMedicinal preparations398
2A61PTherapeutic activity (drug indications)233
3A61QCosmetics, personal care194
4C07KPeptides101
5C07DHeterocyclic compounds79
6A01NPreservation of bodies; biocides; pest repellents71
7C07CAcyclic and carbocyclic compounds52
8C12NMicroorganisms, enzymes44
9A61MDevices for introducing media into the body36
10A61LSterilising / disinfecting materials34

AI mapped opportunity space

This preview shows where patent activity concentrates. Cypris maps the full classification landscape to surface technical whitespace and IP headroom.

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Most-cited patents

Patents ranked by forward citations reveal the foundational inventions the field continues to build on.

TitleYearAssigneeCited by
METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR DETERMINING D-GLYCEROALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHORIC ACID, INOGANIC PHOSPHORUS, OR 1,3-DIPHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID IN HIGH SENSITIVITY1992Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd7
A FORMULATION AND A PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE DETERIORATION OF RBCs OF BLOOD DURING STORAGE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO DECREASE IN THE LEVEL OF 2,3 DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE2004CHANDRASEKHAR, BALAGOPAL6
Cosmetic and dermatological formulations using cyclic 2,4-diphosphoglycerate (cDGP) and / or derivatives2004ビトプ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト フューア ビオテヒニシェ オプティミールング4
Application of phthalide compound in preparing medicine for treating Alzheimer disease and abnormal metabolism of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate2017SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY1
Use of cyclic 2,4-diphosphoglycerate (cDGP) and / or derivatives in cosmetic and dermatological formulations2002BITOP GESELLSCHAFT FUER BIOTECHNISCHE OPTIMIERUNG MBH1

Where research is gaining momentum

Research themes ranked by publication activity show where scientific interest is accelerating around this compound.

#Research topicPapers
1Hemoglobin structure and function9
2Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders5
3Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism3
4Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology3
5Renal function and acid-base balance3
6Dialysis and Renal Disease Management2
7Enzyme Structure and Function2
8Neonatal Health and Biochemistry2
9Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications1
10Blood disorders and treatments1

Technology trend analysis

Cypris uses AI to connect emerging research themes to IP activity, commercialization signals, and underexplored opportunity areas.

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Who's driving the science

The most-published authors working with this compound, alongside their primary affiliations.

#AuthorAffiliationPapers
1Bruno GiardinaUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata17
2C. R. ValeriUnited States Naval Research Laboratory10
3Claire PoyartBicêtre Hospital10
4Angelo D’AlessandroUniversity of Colorado Denver9
5Alvarez-Sala JlUniversidad Complutense de Madrid8
6A. FransCliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc7
7Claes F. HögmanUppsala University Hospital7
8B. BohnInserm6
9Josep CarrerasUniversitat de Barcelona6
10Roy E. WeberAarhus University6

Research leaders

This preview lists the top authors. Cypris surfaces the full researcher landscape, their affiliations, and how scientific influence is shifting.

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The literature that defines it

The most-cited papers anchoring the scientific record for this compound.

TitleYearCited byTopic
Operation Everest II: oxygen transport during exercise at extreme simulated altitude1988415Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Respiratory Function of Hemoglobin1998299Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
A Randomized Study of Phosphate Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis*1983246Pancreatic function and diabetes
Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes erythrocyte glycolysis and oxygen release for adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia2016213Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
The Effect of Sepsis on the Erythrocyte2017199Blood properties and coagulation

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about this compound's patent and research landscape, answered from the underlying data.

What is the chemical composition and molecular weight of Greenwald ester?

Greenwald ester has the molecular formula C3H8O10P2 and a molecular weight of 266.0345. It is also known by the canonical name (2R)-2,3-diphosphonooxypropanoic acid and carries the InChI Key XOHUEYCVLUUEJJ-UWTATZPHSA-N.

Which assignee holds the largest patent portfolio for this compound?

Merck Patent GmbH is the leading assignee with 163 patents related to Greenwald ester, far exceeding other patent holders in this space.

What are the main research topics associated with Greenwald ester?

The primary research topics include Hemoglobin structure and function, Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders, Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology, and Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism. These topics reflect the compound's role in blood biochemistry and red blood cell physiology.

Who are the most prolific authors in Greenwald ester research?

Bruno Giardina from University of Rome Tor Vergata leads with 17 papers, followed by C. R. Valeri from United States Naval Research Laboratory and Claire Poyart from Bicêtre Hospital, each with 10 papers on this compound.

How has research activity on Greenwald ester evolved in recent years?

Patent activity has ranged from 10 to 22 patents annually between 2016 and 2024, with 25 patents filed in the last 3 years. Academic paper output has been more modest, with 17 papers published in the last 3 years out of a total of 1425 papers in the database, indicating sustained but modest research interest.

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